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There are a few definitions, some come from "open source software" which is usually considered software's - "source code under a license (or arrangement such as the public domain) that permits users to study, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form"

So how does this translate to hardware?

Electronic hardware can be divided up into layers, each of which has different document types and licensing concerns.

Hardware (Mechanical) diagrams

Dimensions for enclosures, mechanical subsystems, etc. For 2d models, preferred document type is vector graphics file, with dimension prints, DXF or AI, etc.

Example: Motor-driven screw block from the RepRap 's thermoplast extruder head, an open source 3D printer.

Schematics & Circuit diagrams

Symbolic diagrams of electronic circuitry, includes parts list (sometimes inclusively). Often paired with matching layout diagram. Preferred document type is any sort of image (PDF, BMP, GIF, PNG, etc)

Example: 3.3V and 5V regulator schematic from Chumby, the open source information device.

Parts list

What parts are used, where to get them, part numbers, etc.

Example: Parts list from the open source Roland 303 MIDI synth clone, the x0xb0x.

Layout diagrams

Diagrams of the physical layout of electronic circuitry including the placement of parts, the PCB copper prints and a drill file. This is often paired with a schematic. Preferred distribution is Gerber RS274x and Excellon (for drills).

These are like PostScript for printers but the primitives aren't text and arcs, they're lines of solder and components.